Internal combustion engine



Oct. 6, 1931. F. R. HIGLEY 1,826,424

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE FiledNov. 4,; 1927 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 51 EKG. 1.

Oct. 6, 1931. F. R. HIGLEY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Fild Nov. 4, 1927 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 o F. nl 7 J M M 6 WI l n I M u l w ////////M w I w 2L 4 w Oct. 6, 1931. F. R. HIGLEY 1,826,424

- INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Nov. 4, 1927 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented oct. (i 1931 DFFICE imam RQHIGLE Y, OFCLEVELAND nn eizrs; oHIo INTERNAL COMBUSTION Enema Application 'filed ll'ovember 1,- 1927, Serial No. 231,025.

".T his invention relatesto internal combus- I tion engines-and more particularly to that type of enginein which a rotating valve is f femployedfiw the purpose"of'controlling the lnlet andeXhaust-of each combustion chamber thereof. The invention more particular 1y "pertains to valve andport arrangement,- "to' combustlon chamber form and arrange-i ment, and to valve actuatlngmeans, as will appear. 7 1 V In any internal combustion engine the "function of the valves is. to open and close the ports thereof to control the inlet to and exhaust from the combustion chamber, and

I a Well-known principle offdesign is that the lnlet port area and timing of theinlet valve 'be'suchthat a-maX-imum charge may be induced into the combustion chamber in the 1 time allotted and similarly, that the combustion chamber Eb'e. as nearly evacuated'as possible and in the least time to make way chamber be' as nearly spherical'or equi-dimension al as possible, that the jthat. the inlet andexhaust flow may be a-s shape'be such nearly possible in the directionof piston movement, and that theelectrodes ofthe ignition plugbe located as'nearly as possible 7 'iofthechamberf Vhilefor equaldesirability is that at at a point equi-dista'nt from other portions I many reasons a- ;max1mu1n port size 1s desirable, a factor-of the-time of igniti on a high degree ofjtu'rbulence exists within a sacrifice of the factors the combustion chamber; and merely 'anlin' port area is ordinarily obtainedat capable of producing crease in turbulence, at least where rapidity-of flow i through the intake effect turbulence. E

Objects of invention are therefore to -so arr ange the parts that-anideal form of is that turbulence at'the'time of ignition.

valvepractise is that o combustion chamberis obtained; thatgflow i to/the Combustion {chamber and; exhaust "therefrom may take place through ports of ample area in the most direct manner pos- 'sible. I

1 An important requirement of valve design theports be opened-and closed as quickly as possible and usually particularly that the inlet, valve 'be closed with utmost,

' rapidity. A further object of my invention is to. provide ing speeds.

Another object of my invention'is to provide means forinsuring a high for suflicient opening and'clos- Many rotating'valves have heretofore been devised for the purpose of controlling the ports of internal combustion engines,jbut

degree of liave'been unsuccessful due to lubflcatioridifficulties and particularly to tendencies to carbonization when 'sufficiently lubricated; An

object 'ofmy'invention is to provide'a valve properlubrication of whioh mayb'e with out affecting the normal functioning of the v alve'or combustion chamber;

7 "Another difficulty encountered in rotary f maintaining compression throughout the temperature ranges ject of my invention is to provide a design of'valve and port arrangement wherein the sealing efficiency of the valve is not materially altered by temperature changes.

overwhich the partsmust function. An ob- "The factors above enumerated, while of paramount importance, have'been based fundamentally rather upon theory I of operation than upon structural or more purely mechani'cal matters of design. One of the difiicu'lties encountered in operation of rotary valves "has been their tendency when carbonized to grind or abradetheir seats, resulting in rapid wear and ultimate loss of compression. An-

other objection has beenthe noise resulting from employment of gearing running at high pitchspeeds. -Anfobject of my invention is therefore to so'arrange the valve and more port is relied upon to particularly the ports thereof with respect to the cylinder ports that the operating speed and hence the abrasive effect as well as noise -between the lateral .face11'9 thereoifian-d the.

l'liurther ayoid such-abrasion as would result 1 With reference now to in; loss of compression.

the drawings, Fig. 1 is a generallytransverse section through an 2 is.:a similar enlarged section of the i li th ey i 'de c nte d nears:

' plane the'planeo,line1 5e5;.Fig;3; "llheapnincipal parts .of' theg engine ohosen ffori lustration ofmy mventiomandtheirare 'der may; operate: on"thewellrknowniour w 'rangement, Jane: generally-similar to what, is g g stroke cycle and the timing or relative -angu-- f eomhustronart with. reference tor-operation in the actuating portion o'itlathe engine as nt the -i 16 :plane of line 2 2 of-Fig'. 4; Fig. 3 is aseetion I sameplaneshowing details of the valve Fig; 2;-andFig; 5 isa similar's'ejctionTas" in t present standard practice in the internal on y; afourestroke. leycle .f hese, parts. compris- V ing ra cylinder block casting g1; mounted upon fa crankcase 2inl which-is a crahk hatt s," uponeeachcrank. Lot whicltbears the lower "endota connecting rodj 5 .having connection throughalwrist pin 6' with apistoIt'Z the .eorrespondingcylinder.2; J

The: Gylindfer block" 1 is hored-o-utto form anumber of aligned.icylinderslB, 8 7, 8- eachcylinder loei'ngv open at its top or v head endandihaying acooling; Water. space?) there aloou-t formedhy a jaoket wall. portion 10 whichge endslaround the block Adjacent thehead end on:one sidejof the common: dia- :=metrieal.}planeg of the cylinders; each. cylina de'rgisriprovided with a number of longitudi- ,nally-elonga-tedports 11,1 2, 13 1 11-, em,

and, ;11" ,;.ete:, as. indicated particularly v; in Fig; 4. In the} cylinder hleok andextending v .seneral- ;cylind'er ports.- are a number .015 pas- :sagesappeari-ng' Fig. ,4: and-hearingfrefen' -:en:cenumerals 15+to-1&therein, The ports l :1'22and 1 45: throti gh the passages 16 and- 18 are ad'apted ifor connection as through a} manifOl'dg, notrshownfwith the usual carburetor;

: and .th-e portsll and 13 similarlytthrolughj ther te. y

{the passages 15;;andl7 are adapted forieoninectionwith a 5 suitable exhaustw manifoldi These. passages gf ide particularly those. serv- V l e; inlet ports12 and; 1.4 are preferably directions;generallyradial of. the; cylinder. ...Thus the-'into the eylinderby way of the inlet passagesltija-nd- 1 8 will he in streams di- -reet'edg radially inwards; and:;-meeting,1there"- torehin the center of the cylinders In each cylinder; is arranged ayalye 20which maybe v of thesleeye' type indicated, the piston being arranged for reciprocating movement therein.

v Each-yalye 20 isqorevided with a number of 'por siil efi, 22 .23, being s own, equally spaced about and adjacent the head'end there I o fat elevation corresponding toithat of'the cylinder ports, whereby e11 of the ports lie".

in a common zone of the. cylinderhead portion. The. spacingof each series or pair of cylinder ports corresponds with'the spacing of .the va-lvefports whereby, for example, the.

w lj tiplorts 12 a 'dzl ti hwn', b ee y V inder,-will be opened and closed. simultanej ously by adjacent valve ports 1 ged for l 5 Theiva1ves:=sne.iarm

the arrows; 4, andthe cylinderports are rotation ina manner toloe described, m the dlrecti'on of properly, located 'in their cylinders whereby the inlet ports" and exhaust ports of each cyl timed relat-ionjgwith' the motion of the corresp ndingpist n therein whereby, the. cylinlar-setting of the valves'is such thata proper cylinders 8", 8' and 8 are the first three 'cyl-.

inders-respecti'vely of a six. cylinderfengine arranged tofire in theorder j 1. 5 3 '6+' The val-ye ports area-ll of the same size,

Thecylinderv ports have their lower edgesv firing; sequence will he had in .the several ;eylinders, as will bevw'ell" understood by one familiar with the art; In the engine'shown,

lying flush with the piston. head; at the upper L extremity; of its/stroke, zand imay vary some what. fromithe, dimensions and circumferential arrangementshown, according-to the engineonerating characteristicsdesired, as, will 1 also "heywellaunderstood.1 shown; the cyl- -.inderinl'et portsflQ and 14f areequal in di mensionwith the valyei- -portg and the cylinderexhaust ports 14; are Iofthe same size.

The exhaust .ports'll, however, are somewhat Widerand-docated wherebythey will correspondingly lead the ports 14: in opening,- for aprirposetovbedescrihed; it

Betweex'i" each adjacent ,p airl cylinder p'ortsLtI, and extending inwards-offpassages 15 is a projection 2 integral with the cylinder block, whichfserves as a battle prevent direct passage betweenthe exhaust ports;-

1 Each cylinder-is providedjatgitsjhead end with a-closure member or so-called'rcylinder head Qh-which may be; conveniently a single casting as indicated, Fig. 2', having a'flange portion 26 secured as by holtsg l on the gasket 27011 the top face of thecylinderblockahout :the periphery of the fcyl inderbore, -Each cylinder head has an opening '28'pr'ojoerly threaded for reception ofsparkplug'29 and an upwardly extending portion 30" thereahout threaded. at its upper extremity'for reception 7 ofa nut-.31. A jacket head 32 extends along the topof the cylinder block seating upon the outer. extremities of the gasket 27*oyerlying the jacket wall portions 10 and having openings arranged to receive the upwardly extending portions 30 ofthe several cylinder loo j 89 .inder. will be openedvand 'closed-,in proper V vlieadsfi A gasket;33"*is arrangedto underlie fleachof-the nuts 13-1 whereby tightening; of the nutsl3l' will efilectseali-ng of the water jacket "as a whole 7 wall. portion 10 ofthe jacketand a water v outlet in the'head portion .by coolingcirculationgenerally upwards may Azrw'a ter inlet is; provided inthe 32 thereof, where- -be niaintained about the cylinders iall in a Y manner well understood and old in the art.

Each cylinder head hasia ,portibn 35extending depending downwards within the I 'cylinderand the valve. therein and terminat- *ingin V a. transverse face 36 just :clearing :the h'eadfof the cylinder at itsupperdead center anditherefo re lying in a plane just slightly above that ofv the lower edges ofthe "cylinder 'fpor't's Each cylinderhead iscut away or .thewaterjacket...- w; V v -Thus the upper JQOI'tiOn QjiEt hQ cylinder is port area so thereof is, in the, zone of the ports,

ldztherefore offset with "portion35 thns serves to mask portion of theicylinder volume in cylinder head extending within the. cylinder 'isiinished oil' cylindrically to just clear'the valve without contactjtherewithi v,The dey 1 pending portion of, each ind;ic'ated, and open 'at head: is hollow, as the topffor free cornn unication with the 'coohngsinedinmrwlthin f. d1'vided by the wall 37 ofgthe cylinder head i-intotwo portions:aicornbnstionichalnber on =tl 1 e .one side and a; mask on the j other, ,the

emb i f mb renda k being ch of substantial volume, and it were, onits ownside respect j to. the cylinder is-this ef fect of concentration in structure there is corresponding each concentrated as and thus offset w th axis and slnce there concentration in funcupper face fof the 'cr'ank case 2 is y lower cyllnder block face snnilarly, finished whereby a 'firin ;;seat n1ay beihadbetween:thetwo parts. The

I gerankcase is previdedfasiisual with openings 6 all ned flone,"withgieach c linderyfor eon- ZIV a V l 7 u i Y mnecc ng rod clearance; Qverlymg;andsecured with the ,crankgcase and surro ending eachbpen ng 381s a bear ng washerrorzhushn'g .39.; Seated uponteach; bushing j39 cs aaf ding gear 40 counter-"bored :outas indicated v,to for'm a flange 4-3 to, jreceive the; lcwenex- 5 treniity Qfiillld valvef20' and-seat1ng fnponl the generally semi-circular 1 is secured with the Thatlportion of the downwardly with such as the sprockets153 and 54 appearing in Fig. 1, whereby the shaft 52 is vrotated 'in a counter-clockwise direction, l igs. 1' and 3, in timed relation with the en: gine shaft, andin speed revolution to every one revolution each; ring gear 4'0 is nie'shingiwith thoseuof its ring gear. The i teeth of the 1 gears and pinions rar ranged"thereon, and in the example chosen for. illustration, thejtooth angle is and the'pitoh diameters otthe'ring gears are' tour times .the, pitch diameters of "thereof; the cylinder block being cut away as ind icated to provide clearance above and aboutthering gear. The lower periphery "of theyalve is provided Wltl1 a number of notches 41 preferably equal in number and aligned respectively with the valvev ports.

The ri'nm ear 40has corres )ondin 'inwardl 11: b g ro ectln i'lu s 42 GDTELOIIIO the notches ll a 2:: b t: 2::

but of inwardly extending dimensions to i'underlie the inner surface notches 41 are'of greater longitudinal dimensionthan are the lngsl-Q. Between'the lower extremity o'f'the valve and thereforein supporting, relation therewith and overlying the.

of the valve. The

flange 430i the ring gear is a spring 44. A similar spring 45 is positioned about the *upper extremityof the valve bearing against the flange 26 ofthe cylinder head, suflicient clearance bein' rovided for the ur 303B.

r Thecy-linders in the block 1 are spaced in oftits adj a-v cent cylinders than tothe other, and this spacing-issuchthat the teeth 46 of alternate adjacent pairs'of' gears will mesh, with each pair'swhereby each is'eloser to one other whereby, asindicated in Fig. 5, the teeth "of each gear will mesh with those of the gear of one adjacent cylinder but will clear those of the gear of the other ad acent cylinder. 'The'lower extremity of the cylinder block ofbolts a? and 4-8.. "About the bolts 47, which .lie between themost widely spaced pairs of cylinders, are spacerlugs l9 preferably inte- -gral with the cylinder block and terminating.

faces finished flush, with thatsurtace of the cylinder block which'bears 91111011 1 the crank case.

One side of thecylinder blockintheplane of the gears 40 has an No spacer lugs are the bolts: 48 for appean Opposite;

a reason which will later the opening 50 and extending crank shaft through any suitable connection and chain the engine illustrated at a of the crankshaft; Onthe shaft 52 opposite a pinion 57 having teeth crank case by a number the pinions, whereby the ring gears will be rotated at one sixth-crank shaft speed." 7 I V SJYEachEpinion '57 has a hub portion .58. Each pinionuwith its hubpo'rtion-is bored to freely iit, upon the shaft 52, and the hubpor- :opening 50 provided with a suitable cover provided adjacent m alongfthezcylinder block in suitable' bearings 56therein is a shaft 52 driven by the engine are helically I yet a somewhat, nearer applOaohkto" such form than has been attained heretofore in "the valve,

' zone of the ports. This allowsthe' useoof a; combustionchamberof relatively great longi 1c other as to unbalanced' fluid' pressures upon,

V Thusa greater port area" is possible withzan actual decrease in necessary valve actuating powervc It is also to "be notedjthattheldepending portioniof the cylinder head occupies'a'larg'e,

portion oft-he volume Within the valve in the tudinalfdimension, Which in turn allows an fequal correspondingdimension of the ports desirable: quick opening and closing port which may. as a resultbe relatively narrowin;

circumferential direction Thus ample port areamay be employed without sacrificing the characteristics; f

;It willy -be observed that during the inlet Y stroke of the cycle,'the cool inrushingfgas isdrawn directlypast the electrodes of the spark plugin two jets impinging in the central i portion a of the face 37 of; "the; cylinder head and moving thence directly down into thecylinder', following the motion of the piss tonlj Hence,at the time ofinl flkc cut ofi, the

freshest and richest portion of thecharge will 7 be within. the combustion chamber, so that-1 any tendency to stratification will bein'favor of the richest mixture .surroundingthe spark plug electrodes.

i It will be noted that gwhen thepiston is'at thertopl of its strokea combustionflchamber is formed," in thezoneof the portsand bound-c ed by that portion of the valve overlying *the cylinderport area, thecurvedface 37 of theicylinde'r head, the, spark plug and its adjacent portionlofthe cylinder fhfiad, and.

that, portion of the piston, head adj acent the cylinder port area. ,This combustion chant her, while not exactly equi-dimensional, is

the art to my knowledge. The combustion chamber-is offset with respect to the cylinder'and piston, the offset,'however, not affecting. the mechanical cooperation of the :From 'a reference to Fig/lit may be observed that as the piston onits compression stroke approaches the illustrated position, that vportion of thecombustion mixture bea tween adjacent faces of the mask and the a piston head, willabe ejected violently to the left.- Thedirectionof ejecting is generally tangential of the combustion space; therefore the result is a swirl in'clockwise direction.- This swirl following as it does thatset up'dur'ing the suction stroke and being at 7 right anglesthereto, positively and efiiciently insuresavio'lent agitation ofthe entire contents of the combustion chamber at the instant of combustiomfwhich of course is at or; approximately at head-end; of the crank throw; I r f 1 7 1: "In; addition, at the end of the exhaust stroke thereis a similarv ejection action between the samecooperating faces of mask andv piston head; this timegenerally towardthe now open exhaust ports, resulting in an" increasedejectoraction when most needed,

The; inner surface of the sleeve,in which the piston bears, is lubricated by splash from,

the crankintheusual manner. The outer surfacegof the sleeve, bearing lnthe cylinder, requires a minimum of lubricant, and r for the purpose of lubrication thereof I'pio tures 6 is ,optional, and they'may be so located, in the valve as to directly receivefoil thereon bythecrank as indicated,vif desired; :As 'beforejstated, a clearance is provided:

andithe engaging means between the valve and: the ring gear already described, while" vide a number of apertures 63% through" which'lubricant mayfind its way to the cyl--' inder walls and spread thereon through capillary action. The locationof theaper-I' rotational movement eofvthe valve is poshv v tivelyfeifected by its "ring gear, a limited spr ng-opposed longitudinal motion is al lowed, the: valve, 7 It wispossible that the valve may hence somewhat. follow. the mo-,

tion, of the piston; but, at'least at the time of ignition, thevalve being unbalanced:

to pressure,,wil l move downwardly to compress the lowerspring' t toa maximum, return or upward motion of the valve occur ring with "suflicient pressure "drop in the cylinder and beingyieldingly limited by the upper spring 45, the "efi'ect of the lower .spring 4et upon the valve being limited by the lugs 42 described. This slight longitu dinal valve movement is sufficient to prevent the cutting of the valve the cylinder walls which would otherwise occur. i

Preferably, the number'of teeth on each ring gear isa'multiple of the number of ports in thervalve', andpreferably, the notches 41 arealigned with the valve ports. By this at: rangement, timing of the valves is a relatively simple matter and' requires merely proper timingof the ring gears relative to their pinions. This isieasily accomplished by em ployin the lugs 42 as indices, each'ring gear being first placed in proper engaging relation with its pinion, whereuponengagement of the valve withits ring gear in any possible position will'resultin proper timing ofthe valve. By thearrangement described, removal of any 7 part of'jany cylinder jassembly may be withdrawn; Thevalve' may" be. thereupona r fifeely f lifted-1011b efthegeylinderjof ifa'itis mer ly de'sired-tdrer'nove theringgearathere- 1 of; assuming the cever 51 and outer belt 48' jirioxied? the valve isifsimply raised is'uflisame m ye "laterally slid upon'the bushing i't paii out thrbugh'thef openifig 50;: The" bu hihg39 my theme easily removed from its i seatg Remo val ef the ring ears; allows" fiee feriiis pectibh ofth'e pinion-s3 Disasgenimypf theffiniens' 57f'fr0r'n 1 theshaft? 52 'for-peme 'l bf thej ;shaft 52may beeffected by sliding apartfeachpailf of pihiohsfwceompaiii'etl by' eofresponding movement 6f the at th'e same time;

' 1; In an internal-comhustienengine hata y lilidefw ith fa- (if ports ar-v:

ran-geek -0n Fenefside theree iia'i valve arranged" hellbw' head zferfsaid bylinder having a p01- tibfn' egztendihg"within said valve-, witha: mask 1 petitionDfSfihStantiaI volume projecting intiol I I thezm'pe dfsaid ports-to mask that Valve-per l i wn n na mbfls i ne e1 ajcylindepwith a plurality ef-elen'giatedpefis 1 eircumfere tially sp'aeed onyo'ne side thereof;

cylinder aIi'd' sep-arated hy im offsail mask portion extending .acressr saidcylinder;

,eyliifi rler t-e control sai d ports, hO'HONV :headtfqr said'byli-nderihaving apertien ex tendixfg' Within s'a'icl valve; with a mask pormen 1- substantial ivol-ujme 'prbj-eetfn'g "into the Zonefdfsaid ports to mask that valve portion et overlying the pert group area, 'andfl cut away iadjaceht said jp'ert g ou aarea" to fie-rm a1 ce'rhbu 'stienfehaniher offeetwi-th respect to 1 said eylihider' and-bounded'oppesitesaid ports' ff3if Ih ahfntefnalicemhustientengine hav e ih'ga cylindei'with apluralit 'pi inletperts 'hyjfjfae of said mask pprtibh lextending feircumferehtiaHy spaced (in one side thereof,

1 Q a valve arranged for rotaryfmdwfement in said e, v

,cy mgweresad:p r m e m [a (head ;fp1"* "sai'cl icylihgl'erfhaving portion tien projectmgi 62th I I jppo'site the @biitsf and ,Cut-

on the I Side of s'ai'dfpert'stoform a corhihustiorrham be; "the1: ea(1jacent,whereby saidbylinderheael iriaskp'ortion' 1 and Said eembustifen -ehamhef are 'epppsitely with respect '00 said 1 iezm ii corresponding plilralityf. :Qf r; a gulaibfidis-i posed streams impinging on.said fa'ceito;set

7 In an internal embu'stion .engine'hfavel up s irl generally in planes it'ransyer's bf said cyl inderif: :21;

ranged' -on qne side'thereef; a valve arranged: 111 'sald cylmder to controlzsaldworts, a'pls nton-arranged for I'Q01pI 0Cli31()IllIlLS iLldVtLlVBi and -a head'fon said "cylinder having: a -per .tienvextending Withinsaid valveywithg-ai mask portion vo 1 substantial volume prej ecting intb the zone offsaidports t'e; mask-that valve portion opposite the polite and cut:

away on the si (1 e- 0-f thel p'orts to' fo'im a combu'sti'cin chambegwhereby'said cylinderihead inder; Said" mask pertioni iterminating lni' a' tr ahsvers faee adapted? tQ chapel-ate: with the; head o-fi saidj piston r as the latter 00111 pletes'} its: compression stroke, }to ej ect that ortion of) thelfcylihd'eal;*contentsl therebe tween in the d irectien bf said-ports; and thus setup a turbuleI-ice iii Saidfeembustie lchany m1 i of: s a'lfl er.- v i 7 t.

internal combustion enginehavmg .er 5 with a plurality o f' inletg ports:

cy in c-ire-mflu fe entially spaceden on-e 'side-there'oi; Valve arranged i- 01 rotary mevement in sa d cylinder "to control-Sam p'Qrts together,

a pistdn amnged for i reciprocatien said valve; and va h ead $01" said eylindenh avihg aamask porti'e-n bi "substantial 'velume prroj ecting' in tothe zone of said ports to mask that valve portionopposite the-ports' -and cut .awayon th'e "side o-f the ports to form a c0mbust-ion chamber, with a face extendingacross said e-yli-nder and feppesite said portsv fermn zg: a wall of saldeembustlen#chamber,

wherebyflinch will enter said cylinder by Way Qf said ports in a Corresponding-fPlue ralfity 6i angularly- (fi i speset streams 1 impinging; on said "Wall te. setup swirls-gen erally in planestransverse "ef' said cylinder; said" mask portion terminating a trana Verse 1 face adapted to eooperatea with the 7 head of Said -piste'n as the latter completes I its -=cb'1hpressibn stroke, te eje'et that portion of the cylinder cohtents th'eljebetween j in the i directinefsaid portgangl thtisfsetjup a I.

turbulence in said com-hustio'n ch amber in planes generally lbfig i tll'clim al {0}": said- Cylinder,- and generally transverse; of said sw-irls; I 16; I11 an internal combustion engine; havcu mfehentiali y spaced at =12Q?' "e-n saideylindef; anct' an exhaust? pert th'e'x 'ebetweem and a Valve alfrangecl fofretatio nal" movement cylinder ports, whereby by rotational movement of said valve, inlet and exhaust may be,

alternately had, inlet being simultaneous through two valve ports and exhaust through a single one {of said two valve ports.

7. In an internal'combustion engine having a cylinder with two pairs of ports, the 7 ports of each pair being circ'umferentially spaced at 120 7 on said cylinder, the pairs of ports having connections respectively for 11;- let and exhaust, and eachpa r of ports having between them a port of the other pair, "all of said ports lyingeon one side of a plane diametrical of the cylinder, anda valve arranged forgrotational movement in said cylinder andhaving three equally spaced ports in the zone of said cylinder ports, whereby as said valve is rotated, successive pairs of said'valv'e ports may be causedto register wit-h alternate pairs ofsaid cylinder ports, and a cycle of port functions may be completed in 120 of valve grotation- V 8. Inan internal combustion engine having a cylinder with a pair of inlet ports circumferentially spaced at 120 on'said cyl-i nder and an exhaust port therebetween,a

valve arranged for rotational movement in sa d cylinder, and having three] equally v spaced ports arranged in the zone of the cylinderports, whereby by rotational" movement of said valve, inlet and exhaust may be alternately had, and a cycle of port functions'1nay be completed in 120 of. valve ro tation, and ahead forsaid cylinder having a portion extending within said valve with a mask portion of substantialrvolume projecting into the zone of-said portsto mask that valve portion opposite the cylinder portsand cut away on the side of said cylinder ports to form a combustion chamber thereadjacent. I

9.; In an internal oomb'ustionengine having a'cylinder with two pairs of elongated ports, the ports of'each pair being circumferentially spaced at 120 on said cylinder, the pairs of ports having vconnections respeotively for inlet and exhaust, and each pair. of ports having between them a port of i the other pair, all of said ports lying on one .side of a plane diametrical of the cylinder,

a valve arranged for rotational movement in said cylinder and having three equally I spaced ports in the zone of the cylinder ports,

whereby as said valve is rotated, successive pairs of said valve ports may be caused to f register with alternate pairs-of said cylinder ports, and a head for said cylinder having a portion extending within said valve, with a mask portion of substantial volume projecting within the zone of said ports to-mask that valve portion opposite the cylinder ports and cut away on theside of said cylinder *ports to form a combustion chamber thereadjacent, whereby said'cylinder head mask portion and said combustion chamber are offset with respect to said cylinder and separated bya face of said mask portion extend-' ing across the cylinder.

10. In an internal combustion engine hav ing a cylinder with a pair of exhaust ports therein, valve means movable in said cylinder to control said ports, mask means adjavalve, with a mask portion projecting into the zone of said ports to mask that valve portion opposite the ports, with a face extending across saidflcylinder and opposite said ports, whereby fluid will enter said cylinder by Way of said ports in a corresponding plurality of streams radial of said cylinder, im

pingingon said face in the central portion thereof, to setup swirls generally in planes transverse of said cylinder.

7 ,12, In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder with a plurality of ports arranged on one side thereof and including an exhaust port, a valve arranged insaid cylinder to control said ports, a piston arranged for reciprocation in said valve, and a head for said cylinder havin a portion extendin within said valve, with a mask portion -0 substantial volume projecting into the zone of'said ports to mask that valve portion opposite the ports and cut away on the side of the ports to form a combustion chamber, whereby said cylinder head mask portion and said combustion chamber are oppositely offset with respect to said cylinder, said mask portion terminating in a transverse face adapted to cooperate with the head of said piston as the latter completes its exhaust stroke, to eject that portion of the cylinder contents therebetween in the direction of said exhaust port.

In testimony whereof I hereby affix my signature.

FRANK R. HIGLEY. 

